Understanding Extended Operations [Aeronautics and Space]: A Legal Perspective
Definition & Meaning
Extended Operations (ETOPS) refers to specific airplane flight operations that occur beyond a designated time threshold. This applies to flights that are not all-cargo operations and involve aircraft with more than two engines. The time threshold is determined based on an approved one-engine-inoperative cruise speed, which is calculated under standard atmospheric conditions in still air. ETOPS is crucial for ensuring safety during long flights over water or remote areas where emergency landings may be challenging.
Legal Use & context
ETOPS is primarily relevant in the aviation industry, particularly for commercial airlines operating long-haul flights. It is governed by regulations set forth by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and is essential for compliance with safety standards. Airlines must adhere to specific procedures and obtain approvals for ETOPS operations, which may involve the use of legal forms and documentation. Users can manage some of these requirements through resources like US Legal Forms, which offers templates for necessary legal documents.
Real-world examples
Here are a couple of examples of abatement:
Example 1: A commercial airline plans a flight from Los Angeles to Sydney, which involves crossing the Pacific Ocean. Due to the distance, the airline must ensure that the aircraft meets ETOPS requirements, allowing it to operate safely over water where landing options are limited.
Example 2: A hypothetical airline operates a flight from New York to London that exceeds the time threshold for diversion. The airline must demonstrate compliance with ETOPS standards to ensure passenger safety during the journey.
Relevant laws & statutes
ETOPS regulations are primarily governed by the Federal Aviation Administration under Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Specific references include:
- 14 CFR Part 121 - Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations
- 14 CFR Part 135 - Operating Requirements: Commuter and On-Demand Operations