Understanding the Loss-of-Chance Doctrine in Legal Context

Definition & Meaning

The loss-of-chance doctrine is a legal principle recognized in some U.S. states. It allows a person to seek damages if they can demonstrate that a defendant's actions increased their risk of death or injury, even if they cannot prove that the defendant's negligence directly caused the ultimate harm. This doctrine is most commonly applied in medical malpractice cases. For example, if a patient with a terminal illness undergoes a negligent medical procedure that reduces their chance of survival, the patient's estate may be entitled to compensation for the lost chance of survival, even if the negligence cannot be directly linked to the patient's death.

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Real-world examples

Here are a couple of examples of abatement:

Example 1: A patient diagnosed with cancer has a 40 percent chance of survival. Due to a doctor's negligence, their chance is reduced to 20 percent, and the patient later passes away. The patient's estate can claim damages for the loss of the 20 percent chance of survival.

(hypothetical example)

State-by-state differences

State Application of Loss-of-Chance Doctrine
California Recognizes the doctrine in medical malpractice cases.
Texas Adopts the doctrine but limits it to specific torts.
Florida Does not recognize the loss-of-chance doctrine.

This is not a complete list. State laws vary, and users should consult local rules for specific guidance.

Comparison with related terms

Term Definition Key Differences
Loss-of-Chance Doctrine A legal principle allowing recovery for diminished chances of survival or recovery. Focuses on the increase in risk rather than direct causation.
Negligence Failure to take proper care in doing something, leading to damage or injury. Negligence must be proven to establish liability, while loss-of-chance focuses on risk.

What to do if this term applies to you

If you believe you have a case involving the loss-of-chance doctrine, consider the following steps:

  • Gather all relevant medical records and documentation.
  • Consult with a legal professional who specializes in medical malpractice or personal injury.
  • Explore US Legal Forms for templates that can help you file a claim.

If your situation is complex, seeking professional legal advice is highly recommended.

Quick facts

  • Typical application: Medical malpractice cases.
  • Legal basis: Increased risk of harm.
  • States recognizing the doctrine: Varies (e.g., California, Texas).
  • Potential damages: Based on the percentage of lost chance.

Key takeaways