Cost Justification: A Key Legal Defense in Price Determination

Definition & Meaning

Cost justification refers to a legal defense used by sellers to explain why they charge different prices to different customers. Under the Robinson-Patman Act, this defense asserts that the seller incurs lower costs when serving certain customers, which can justify offering them lower prices. However, it's important to note that simply comparing the costs of selling to a few large customers against the average costs for all customers is not sufficient to support this defense against claims of price discrimination.

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Real-world examples

Here are a couple of examples of abatement:

(hypothetical example) A manufacturer sells widgets at a lower price to a large retailer because it has negotiated lower shipping costs due to bulk orders. The manufacturer can justify this pricing difference if it can prove that the shipping costs for the retailer are significantly lower than those for smaller customers.

Comparison with related terms

Term Definition Key Differences
Price Discrimination Charging different prices to different customers for the same product. Price discrimination is the broader concept, while cost justification is a specific defense against it.
Cost Accounting The process of tracking, recording, and analyzing costs associated with a business. Cost accounting is about internal cost management, while cost justification is a legal defense in pricing disputes.

What to do if this term applies to you

If you believe cost justification applies to your pricing strategy, consider the following steps:

  • Document your cost structures thoroughly, highlighting differences in costs for various customers.
  • Consult with a legal professional to ensure your pricing practices comply with the Robinson-Patman Act.
  • Explore US Legal Forms for templates that can help you prepare necessary documentation.

Quick facts

  • Typical Fees: Varies by legal counsel.
  • Jurisdiction: Federal law under the Robinson-Patman Act.
  • Possible Penalties: Legal action for price discrimination claims.

Key takeaways