What is Supervening Cause and Its Impact on Legal Liability?

Definition & Meaning

A supervening cause is an event that occurs after a person's wrongful or hazardous act but before any resulting harm. This event interrupts the direct link between the initial act and the injury, potentially absolving the original actor of liability for the damages incurred. Essentially, if a supervening cause is present, the initial act may no longer be viewed as the primary reason for the harm suffered by an injured party.

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Real-world examples

Here are a couple of examples of abatement:

(Hypothetical example) If a driver runs a red light and collides with another vehicle, causing damage, the driver may be liable. However, if a sudden medical emergency, such as a heart attack, causes the driver to lose control just before the crash, this medical event could be considered a supervening cause, potentially absolving the driver of liability for the accident.

State-by-state differences

Examples of state differences (not exhaustive):

State Notes
California Recognizes supervening causes in negligence cases, focusing on the foreseeability of the intervening event.
New York Applies a strict standard for determining whether a supervening cause breaks the chain of causation.
Texas Considers the intent and actions of the original actor when evaluating supervening causes.

This is not a complete list. State laws vary, and users should consult local rules for specific guidance.

Comparison with related terms

Term Definition Difference
Intervening Cause An event that occurs after the original act but does not break the chain of causation. Unlike a supervening cause, an intervening cause does not absolve the original actor of liability.
Proximate Cause The primary cause that directly leads to an injury or damage. Supervening causes can alter the determination of proximate cause in a legal case.

What to do if this term applies to you

If you believe a supervening cause may affect your case, consider the following steps:

  • Document all relevant events and circumstances surrounding the incident.
  • Consult with a legal professional to understand how supervening causes may impact your situation.
  • Explore US Legal Forms for templates that can assist you in managing related legal matters.

Quick facts

  • Legal Area: Tort Law
  • Key Consideration: The significance of the intervening event
  • Potential Outcome: Original actor may not be liable for damages

Key takeaways