Understanding the Prior Appropriation Doctrine: A Guide to Water Rights

Definition & Meaning

The prior appropriation doctrine is a legal principle that governs water rights in certain American jurisdictions. Under this doctrine, the first individual or entity to divert water from a natural source for beneficial use has the exclusive right to continue using that water. This means that among those who share access to a waterway, the earliest users have priority over later users in terms of water access and usage.

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Real-world examples

Here are a couple of examples of abatement:

Example 1: A farmer who first diverts water from a river for irrigation purposes has the right to continue using that water, even if a later farmer attempts to divert water from the same source.

Example 2: A city that establishes a water supply from a stream for its residents has priority over a new development that seeks to use the same water source (hypothetical example).

State-by-state differences

State Details
California Uses a hybrid system of prior appropriation and riparian rights.
Colorado Strictly follows the prior appropriation doctrine with a strong emphasis on beneficial use.
Wyoming Prior appropriation is the primary rule governing water rights.

This is not a complete list. State laws vary and users should consult local rules for specific guidance.

Comparison with related terms

Term Definition
Riparian Rights Rights of landowners whose property borders a water source to use that water.
Water Rights Legal rights to use water from a water source, which may be governed by prior appropriation or riparian rights.

What to do if this term applies to you

If you believe the prior appropriation doctrine affects your water rights, consider the following steps:

  • Document your water usage and any agreements related to water rights.
  • Consult with a legal professional who specializes in water law for tailored advice.
  • Explore US Legal Forms for templates that can assist you in managing water rights issues.

Quick facts

  • Typical fees: Varies by state and specific legal processes.
  • Jurisdiction: Primarily applicable in western U.S. states.
  • Possible penalties: Loss of water rights due to non-use.

Key takeaways

Frequently asked questions

It is a legal principle that grants water rights to the first user who diverts water for beneficial use.