Tax Court: Your Guide to Understanding Its Legal Definition and Function

Definition & Meaning

The Tax Court is a specialized federal court established by Congress under Article I of the U.S. Constitution. It has the authority to resolve disputes between taxpayers and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) regarding various tax matters. These disputes may involve issues such as notices of deficiency, transferee liability, certain declaratory judgments, adjustments of partnership items, and more. Importantly, taxpayers can appeal IRS decisions without needing to pay the disputed amount upfront. Although the Tax Court is based in Washington, D.C., its judges travel to different cities across the country to conduct hearings.

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Real-world examples

Here are a couple of examples of abatement:

Example 1: A taxpayer receives a notice of deficiency from the IRS claiming they owe additional taxes. The taxpayer can appeal this decision in the Tax Court without paying the disputed amount upfront.

Example 2: A couple files a joint tax return and later discovers they are being held jointly liable for an incorrect deduction. They can seek relief in the Tax Court if they believe the IRS's claim is unjustified. (hypothetical example)

What to do if this term applies to you

If you find yourself needing to challenge an IRS decision, consider the following steps:

  • Review the notice or decision from the IRS carefully.
  • Gather all relevant documentation to support your case.
  • Consider using US Legal Forms to access templates for filing your appeal.
  • If the situation is complex, it may be wise to consult a tax attorney for professional guidance.

Key takeaways