Shifting an Incidence of Taxation: Who Really Pays the Tax?

Definition & Meaning

Shifting an incidence of taxation refers to the process of determining which economic entity ultimately bears the burden of a tax. In the case of indirect taxes, such as sales tax, the intention is for the tax to be passed on to consumers. This occurs when businesses adjust their prices to include the tax, effectively shifting the tax burden forward to the consumer. Conversely, if a business is unable to raise prices, it may absorb the tax, which is known as shifting the tax burden backward.

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Real-world examples

Here are a couple of examples of abatement:

Example 1: A retailer sells a product for $100 and must pay a sales tax of 10 percent. The retailer increases the price to $110 to pass the tax onto consumers, thus shifting the tax burden forward.

Example 2: A manufacturer faces a new tax on raw materials. If the manufacturer cannot increase the price of its final product due to market competition, it may choose to absorb the tax, shifting the burden backward. (hypothetical example)

State-by-state differences

Examples of state differences (not exhaustive):

State Tax Type Shifting Practice
California Sales Tax Commonly shifted to consumers
Texas Franchise Tax May be absorbed by businesses
New York Excise Tax Often passed on to consumers

This is not a complete list. State laws vary, and users should consult local rules for specific guidance.

What to do if this term applies to you

If you are a business owner facing new taxes, consider how these may impact your pricing strategy. You may want to explore US Legal Forms for templates that can help you navigate tax-related issues. If your situation is complex, consulting a tax professional is advisable to ensure compliance and optimize your tax strategy.

Key takeaways