Nemo Est Heres Viventis: The Legal Principle of No Heir for the Living

Definition & Meaning

The phrase "no one is the heir of a living person" refers to the legal principle that an individual cannot be considered an heir to someone who is still alive. An heir is typically determined only at the time of a person's death. Until that moment, any potential heir may face changes in their status, such as the death of the individual they expect to inherit from or being disinherited. Consequently, a person who is an heir apparent has no legal claim to any property until it is officially passed to them after the death of the owner.

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Real-world examples

Here are a couple of examples of abatement:

Example 1: John has two children, Alice and Bob. While John is alive, neither Alice nor Bob can claim to be his heir. If John passes away, the estate will be distributed according to his will or state law.

Example 2: Sarah is the designated heir apparent of her grandmother's estate. However, if her grandmother decides to change her will and exclude Sarah, she will have no rights to any inheritance (hypothetical example).

State-by-state differences

Examples of state differences (not exhaustive):

State Heirship Rules
California Heirship is determined by statutory succession laws.
New York Heirs are determined based on the decedent's will or state intestacy laws.
Texas Heirs must be determined at the time of death, according to community property laws.

This is not a complete list. State laws vary and users should consult local rules for specific guidance.

Comparison with related terms

Term Definition
Heir A person legally entitled to inherit property upon someone's death.
Heir Apparent A person who is first in line to inherit but has no legal claim until the owner's death.
Beneficiary A person designated to receive benefits from a trust or will, which may include living individuals.

What to do if this term applies to you

If you believe you might be an heir to someone's estate, it's essential to understand that your rights will only be established upon their death. You may want to:

  • Discuss estate planning with the individual to clarify your potential status.
  • Prepare necessary legal documents, such as a will, using templates from US Legal Forms.
  • Consult a legal professional for guidance on inheritance laws and your rights.

Quick facts

  • Heirship is determined at the time of death.
  • Heirs apparent have no legal rights until inheritance is confirmed.
  • Estate planning can clarify heirship issues.

Key takeaways