Information: A Comprehensive Guide to Its Legal Meaning and Process

Definition & Meaning

An information is a formal accusation of a crime, similar to an indictment, but it is initiated by a public prosecutor instead of a grand jury. This document outlines the alleged crimes in writing and must be provided to the defendant at their first court appearance. If the information includes felony charges, a preliminary hearing is required shortly after it is delivered. During this hearing, the prosecution must present sufficient evidence to persuade the judge that the alleged crime occurred and that the defendant likely committed it. Depending on the evidence presented, some charges may proceed to trial while others may be dismissed.

Table of content

Real-world examples

Here are a couple of examples of abatement:

Example 1: A public prosecutor files an information against an individual accused of theft. The document details the alleged crime and is presented to the defendant during their initial court appearance.

Example 2: In a case involving drug offenses, the prosecutor submits an information that outlines the charges. A preliminary hearing is held to determine if there is enough evidence to proceed to trial. (hypothetical example)

State-by-state differences

State Notes
California Allows prosecutors to file informations for misdemeanors and felonies.
Texas Uses a similar process but may require an indictment for felonies.
New York Prosecutors can file informations for certain misdemeanors without a grand jury.

This is not a complete list. State laws vary and users should consult local rules for specific guidance.

What to do if this term applies to you

If you have received an information, it is important to understand your rights and options. Consider the following steps:

  • Review the information carefully to understand the charges against you.
  • Consult with a legal professional to discuss your case and potential defenses.
  • Explore US Legal Forms for templates that may help you respond to the information or prepare for your preliminary hearing.

In complex cases, seeking professional legal assistance is highly recommended.

Quick facts

  • Type: Criminal accusation
  • Filed by: Public prosecutor
  • Initial requirement: Delivery to the defendant at first appearance
  • Preliminary hearing: Required for felony charges
  • Outcome: Charges may proceed to trial or be dismissed

Key takeaways

Frequently asked questions

An information is filed by a prosecutor, while an indictment is issued by a grand jury.