Claflin Doctrine: A Comprehensive Guide to Trust Law and Intent

Definition & Meaning

The Claflin Doctrine is a legal principle in the United States that prevents changes to a trust if those changes go against the clear intentions of the person who created the trust, known as the settlor. This principle was established in the case of Claflin v. Claflin, 20 N.E. 454 (Mass. 1889). In that case, a trust was created for a son, with the stipulation that he would receive the trust's principal when he turned thirty. Before reaching that age, the son attempted to terminate the trust, arguing that he was the only beneficiary. However, the court ruled against him, emphasizing that a settlor has the right to impose restrictions on their property as long as they do not violate laws or public policy. The court's decision reinforced the importance of honoring the settlor's intentions.

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Real-world examples

Here are a couple of examples of abatement:

Example 1: A father creates a trust for his daughter, stipulating that she will receive the funds when she turns twenty-five. If the daughter, now twenty-three, wishes to terminate the trust, she cannot do so under the Claflin Doctrine, as it would violate her father's intent.

Example 2: A settlor establishes a trust for a disabled child, specifying that the funds are to be used for their care. Even if circumstances change, such as the child receiving a large inheritance, the trust cannot be terminated without following the Claflin Doctrine's requirements. (hypothetical example)

State-by-state differences

State Variation
California Generally follows the Claflin Doctrine but may allow for modifications under specific circumstances.
New York Adheres strictly to the Claflin Doctrine, emphasizing the settlor's intent.
Texas Similar application, but courts may consider changed circumstances more readily.

This is not a complete list. State laws vary, and users should consult local rules for specific guidance.

Comparison with related terms

Term Definition Difference
Cy Pres Doctrine A legal principle allowing modification of a trust when the original purpose is no longer feasible. Unlike the Claflin Doctrine, which protects the settlor's intent, the cy pres doctrine focuses on adapting the trust's purpose.
Trust Modification Changing the terms of a trust with the agreement of all beneficiaries. Trust modification can occur if it aligns with the beneficiaries' consent, unlike the Claflin Doctrine, which emphasizes the settlor's intent.

What to do if this term applies to you

If you are a beneficiary of a trust and are considering termination or modification, it's essential to first understand the settlor's intentions. Review the trust document carefully. If you believe changes are necessary, consult with a legal professional to explore your options. You can also check out US Legal Forms for templates that can assist you in managing trust-related issues.

Quick facts

  • Applies primarily in estate planning and trust law.
  • Requires settlor's intent to be clearly defined.
  • Termination needs consent from all beneficiaries.
  • Significant changes in circumstances do not automatically warrant trust termination.

Key takeaways

Frequently asked questions

The Claflin Doctrine is a legal principle that prohibits changes to a trust that contradict the settlor's clear intent.