Misdescription: What It Means and Its Legal Consequences

Definition & Meaning

Misdescription refers to an inaccurate or misleading description of property in a sales contract. This can involve physical attributes, legal characteristics, or other relevant details. When a seller fails to provide property that matches the description in the contract, it constitutes a breach of contract, giving the buyer the right to seek damages.

There are two types of misdescription: substantial and innocent. A substantial misdescription prevents the seller from enforcing the contract against the buyer. In contrast, an innocent misdescription that is not substantial may still allow the seller to enforce the contract, although it could lead to a reduction in the agreed price.

Table of content

Real-world examples

Here are a couple of examples of abatement:

(Hypothetical example) A buyer purchases a home based on a contract that describes it as having four bedrooms. Upon moving in, the buyer discovers that one of the rooms is actually a den with no closet, making it unsuitable as a bedroom. This misdescription may allow the buyer to seek damages or renegotiate the sale price.

State-by-state differences

Examples of state differences (not exhaustive):

State Key Differences
California Specific disclosure requirements for property descriptions.
Texas Emphasis on the buyer's right to rescind the contract in case of substantial misdescription.
New York Standard practices regarding property descriptions in real estate contracts.

This is not a complete list. State laws vary, and users should consult local rules for specific guidance.

Comparison with related terms

Term Definition Key Differences
Misrepresentation False statement that induces a party to enter a contract. Misdescription specifically relates to inaccuracies in property description, while misrepresentation can involve any false statement.
Breach of Contract Failure to perform any term of a contract. Misdescription is a specific cause of breach, focusing on inaccuracies in the contract terms.

What to do if this term applies to you

If you believe you have encountered a misdescription in a property sale, consider the following steps:

  • Review the contract carefully to identify any discrepancies.
  • Document any evidence of the misdescription.
  • Consult with a legal professional to understand your rights and options.
  • Explore US Legal Forms for templates that can help you draft a complaint or seek damages.

Quick facts

  • Common in real estate transactions
  • Can lead to breach of contract claims
  • Types: substantial and innocent misdescription
  • Buyers may seek damages or price reductions

Key takeaways

Frequently asked questions

Review the contract, gather evidence, and consult a legal professional for guidance.