What is a Force-Majeure Clause and Its Legal Implications?

Definition & Meaning

A force majeure clause is a provision included in contracts that relieves a party from fulfilling their obligations when unforeseen events occur. These events, often referred to as "acts of God," can include natural disasters like floods and earthquakes, as well as uncontrollable occurrences such as wars or terrorist attacks. The purpose of this clause is to protect parties from liability when they cannot perform their contractual duties due to circumstances beyond their control, provided they exercised due diligence to avoid such failures.

Table of content

Real-world examples

Here are a couple of examples of abatement:

Example 1: A construction company has a contract to complete a building project. If a hurricane strikes and halts construction, the force majeure clause may excuse the company from penalties for delays caused by the storm.

Example 2: A concert venue contracts with a band to perform. If a terrorist attack occurs on the day of the concert, the venue may invoke the force majeure clause to cancel the event without facing legal repercussions. (hypothetical example)

State-by-state differences

Examples of state differences (not exhaustive)

State Variation
California Force majeure clauses may be interpreted broadly, including pandemics as a qualifying event.
New York Courts often require specific language to define what constitutes a force majeure event.
Texas Force majeure clauses must clearly outline the obligations of each party during such events.

This is not a complete list. State laws vary, and users should consult local rules for specific guidance.

Comparison with related terms

Term Definition Difference
Force Majeure Unforeseen events that prevent contract performance. Focuses on uncontrollable external events.
Impossibility Performance is impossible due to circumstances. Can be more subjective; may not include all unforeseen events.
Frustration of Purpose Contract's main purpose is undermined by unforeseen events. Focuses on the intent of the contract rather than performance.

What to do if this term applies to you

If you believe a force majeure event affects your contractual obligations, review your contract to identify the force majeure clause and its specific terms. Notify the other party as required and document the event's impact on your ability to perform. For assistance, consider using US Legal Forms' templates to draft the necessary notifications or amendments to your contract. If the situation is complex, consulting a legal professional may be necessary.

Quick facts

  • Typical fees: Varies based on contract terms.
  • Jurisdiction: Generally governed by state contract law.
  • Possible penalties: May include damages if obligations are not fulfilled without valid force majeure claims.

Key takeaways

Frequently asked questions

Common events include natural disasters, wars, terrorist attacks, and pandemics.