Filiation: The Legal Framework of Parentage and Paternity

Definition & Meaning

Filiation refers to the legal process of establishing a person's paternity, determining who is recognized as a child's father. It signifies the relationship between a parent and their child, specifically a son or daughter. In many jurisdictions, the law presumes that a husband is the father of children born during his marriage or shortly thereafter, regardless of when the child was conceived. This presumption can be challenged if evidence shows that the husband could not be the biological father due to reasons such as lack of cohabitation or other physical impossibilities.

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Real-world examples

Here are a couple of examples of abatement:

Example 1: A child is born to a married couple. The husband is presumed to be the father, and this presumption holds unless the wife can provide evidence of a different biological father.

Example 2: A woman gives birth shortly after her divorce. The ex-husband may still be presumed the father unless he can prove otherwise through legal means. (hypothetical example)

State-by-state differences

State Presumption of Paternity
California Presumes husband is the father if born during marriage.
Texas Similar presumption, but allows for challenges within four years.
New York Presumption exists, but can be rebutted with DNA evidence.

This is not a complete list. State laws vary, and users should consult local rules for specific guidance.

Comparison with related terms

Term Definition Difference
Paternity The state of being a father. Paternity is a broader term that includes biological and legal aspects.
Legitimation The process of making a child legitimate. Legitimation often follows filiation and grants the child full legal rights.

What to do if this term applies to you

If you need to establish or contest paternity, consider the following steps:

  • Gather any relevant documents, such as marriage certificates or birth records.
  • Consider DNA testing if paternity is disputed.
  • Consult with a legal professional for guidance on your specific situation.
  • Explore US Legal Forms for templates related to paternity acknowledgment or court petitions.

Quick facts

  • Typical fees for paternity testing can range from $100 to $500.
  • Jurisdiction varies by state; consult local laws for specific procedures.
  • Possible penalties for false claims can include legal fees and sanctions.

Key takeaways