Understanding Double Taxation: Legal Definitions and Implications

Definition & Meaning

Double taxation occurs when a corporation's profits are taxed at both the corporate level and again at the personal level when distributed to shareholders as dividends. This means that the corporation pays income tax on its earnings, and then shareholders pay income tax on the dividends they receive. This situation primarily affects C corporations, while S corporations can avoid double taxation by passing income directly to shareholders. Critics argue that double taxation can hinder business growth and investment decisions.

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Real-world examples

Here are a couple of examples of abatement:

For instance, a C corporation earns $100,000 in profit. It pays a corporate tax of 21 percent, resulting in $79,000 after taxes. If it distributes this amount as dividends, shareholders will pay personal income tax on the dividends received, leading to double taxation. In contrast, an S corporation can pass the entire profit to its shareholders, who report it on their personal tax returns without the corporation paying taxes first.

State-by-state differences

Examples of state differences (not exhaustive):

State Corporate Tax Rate Dividend Tax Treatment
California 8.84% Taxed as ordinary income
Florida 5.5% No state income tax on dividends
Texas No corporate income tax No state income tax on dividends

This is not a complete list. State laws vary, and users should consult local rules for specific guidance.

What to do if this term applies to you

If you are a shareholder in a C corporation or considering forming a corporation, it is essential to understand the implications of double taxation. You may want to explore options to minimize tax liability, such as converting to an S corporation or structuring compensation effectively. Consider using US Legal Forms to access templates for corporate governance and tax-related documents. If your situation is complex, consulting a tax professional or attorney is advisable.

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