Complaints: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Legal Definition and Importance

Definition & Meaning

A complaint is a formal legal document that begins a lawsuit. It sets out the facts of the case and explains why the plaintiff believes they deserve a legal remedy. In civil cases, the party filing the complaint is known as the plaintiff, while the party being accused is referred to as the defendant. In criminal cases, a complaint may refer to the initial charges brought against an individual by law enforcement or the court.

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Real-world examples

Here are a couple of examples of abatement:

Here are a couple of examples of how complaints may be used:

  • Civil complaint: A tenant files a complaint against a landlord for failing to make necessary repairs, seeking damages for the inconvenience and discomfort caused.
  • Criminal complaint: A police officer files a complaint against an individual for theft, outlining the alleged incident and the evidence collected. (hypothetical example)

State-by-state differences

Examples of state differences (not exhaustive):

State Complaint Requirements
California Requires a specific format and includes a statement of facts and legal basis.
New York Must include a verification statement signed by the plaintiff.
Texas Allows for simplified forms for certain types of complaints.

This is not a complete list. State laws vary, and users should consult local rules for specific guidance.

What to do if this term applies to you

If you need to file a complaint, consider the following steps:

  • Determine the appropriate court for your case.
  • Gather all necessary information and evidence to support your claims.
  • Use legal templates from US Legal Forms to draft your complaint accurately.
  • If your situation is complex or you are unsure, consult a legal professional for assistance.

Key takeaways

Frequently asked questions

A civil complaint initiates a lawsuit between private parties, while a criminal complaint involves charges brought by the state against an individual for violating the law.