Capital Gains or Losses: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Legal Definition

Definition & Meaning

Capital gains or losses refer to the financial outcomes realized when a capital asset is sold or exchanged. A capital asset can include property, equipment, or investments owned by an individual or business. A capital gain occurs when the sale price exceeds the purchase price of the asset, while a capital loss occurs when the sale price is lower than the purchase price. The distinction between short-term and long-term capital gains or losses is based on the duration the asset is held, with specific tax implications defined by the Internal Revenue Service.

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Real-world examples

Here are a couple of examples of abatement:

Example 1: An individual purchases stock for $1,000 and sells it for $1,500 after two years. This results in a long-term capital gain of $500.

Example 2: A person buys a piece of art for $2,000 and sells it for $1,500. This results in a capital loss of $500, which may be used to offset other gains for tax purposes.

State-by-state differences

State Capital Gains Tax Rate
California Ordinary income tax rates apply
Florida No state income tax
New York Up to 8.82% depending on income

This is not a complete list. State laws vary, and users should consult local rules for specific guidance.

Comparison with related terms

Term Definition
Capital Gain Profit from the sale of a capital asset.
Capital Loss Loss incurred from the sale of a capital asset.
Ordinary Income Income earned from regular business activities, taxed at standard rates.

What to do if this term applies to you

If you have realized capital gains or losses, it is essential to keep accurate records of your transactions. Consider using tax preparation software or consulting a tax professional to ensure proper reporting. You can also explore US Legal Forms for templates that can assist in documenting your transactions and filing your taxes accurately.

Quick facts

  • Capital gains are taxed differently than ordinary income.
  • Short-term gains are taxed at ordinary income rates.
  • Long-term gains typically have lower tax rates.
  • Up to $250,000 of capital gains from a home sale may be excluded from taxes.

Key takeaways