Who Owns a Joint Bank Account When One Owner Dies?

Full question:

my brother and daughter have a joint bank accounts. i am the sister. i have the power of attorney. my dies who is entitle to the funds

• Category: Wills and Estates
• Subcategory: Probate
• Date: 04/07/2025
• State: Pennsylvania

Answer:

When a bank account is owned jointly, the type of ownership will determine who inherits it on the death of one of the owners. If it is a survivorship account, or transfer on death account, it passes outside the probate process. That means it will not be included as part of the estate that either passes under a will or according to state intestacy laws (applicable when there is no will).
If the account is held as tenants in common, it's possible that the deceased owner's share could pass to heirs.

Joint tenancy is a form of ownership by two or more individuals together. It differs from other types of co-ownership in that the surviving joint tenant immediately becomes the owner of the whole property upon the death of the other joint tenant. State law, which varies by state, controls the creation of a joint tenancy in both real and personal property. Joint tenancy property passes outside of probate, however, it may be severed so that the property becomes part of one person's estate and passes to that person's heirs. A joint tenancy between a husband and wife is sometimes known as a tenancy by the entirety. Tenancy by the entirety has some characteristics different than other joint tenancies, such as the inability of one joint tenant to sever the ownership and differences in tax treatment. In some jurisdictions, to create a tenancy by the entirety the parties must specify in the deed that the property is being conveyed to the couple "as tenants by the entirety," while in others, a conveyance to a married couple is presumed to create a tenancy by the entirety unless the deed specifies otherwise. Each joint tenant has an equal, undivided interest in the whole property. All joint tenants, and their spouses, must sign deeds and contracts to transfer or sell real estate. A joint tenant may convey his or her interest to a third party, depending on applicable state law. This conversion would in effect terminate the joint tenancy and create a tenancy in common.

Tenants in common hold title to real or personal property so that each has an "undivided interest" in the property and all have an equal right to use the property. Tenants in common each own a portion of the property, which may be unequal, but have the right to possess the entire property. There is no "right of survivorship" if one of the tenants in common dies, and each interest may be separately sold, mortgaged or willed to another. A tenancy in common interest is distinguished from a joint tenancy interest, which passes automatically to the survivor. Upon the death of a tenant in common there must be a court supervised administration of the estate of the deceased to transfer the interest in the tenancy in common.

Whether the account names a beneficiary, and the terms of the account with the bank, will determine how it is characterized. I suggest contacting the bank to inquire about the beneficiary, if any, on the account. A power of attorney is no longer effective after the maker dies.